When did Ukraine really gain 'independence' — 1991 or 2013?
![When did Ukraine really gain 'independence' — 1991 or 2013?](https://media.euobserver.com/6c548412e206710c59f05d6488700b99-800x.jpg)
In November 2013, Ukrainian president Viktor Yanukovych chose not to sign an EU Association Agreement, favouring a closer relationship with Russia. By February 2014, Yanukovych was ordering Ukrainian Special Forces to fire on protestors, killing over 100
![](https://media.euobserver.com/45ab890d7b9c2057cd6f5ae905996892-480x270.jpg)
A Habsburg look at Putin
![](https://ichef.bbci.co.uk/ace/ws/640/cpsprodpb/B8DF/production/_106572374_8478b65c-5bc9-4fd7-bd6e-4e06cdee0805.jpg)
Ukraine profile - Timeline - BBC News
![](https://img.lemde.fr/2022/05/02/1044/0/3736/3736/320/320/75/0/b153a64_1651478244288-gettyimages-1371469443-1.jpg)
1918-1920: How the memory of Ukraine's founding was erased
![](https://i.natgeofe.com/n/b063aa16-374c-4b8e-bd7d-f176c9e727b9/GettyImages-1229474418_3x2.jpg)
Follow Ukraine's 30-year struggle for independence with this
![](http://media.newyorker.com/photos/6212fe9553c1e9dab81aa0b4/master/pass/Remnick-Ukraine.jpg)
Putin's Preparations for Ukraine
![](https://www.osaarchivum.org/files/blog/8073/ukraine2_dispute.jpg)
A “Sudden Transition“: Images of Independent Ukraine
![](https://cdn.cfr.org/sites/default/files/styles/large_s/public/image/2022/03/TL_2000_Gongadze.jpg.webp)
Timeline: Ukraine's Struggle for Independence in Russia's Shadow
![](https://www.reuters.com/resizer/v2/https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront-us-east-2.images.arcpublishing.com%2Freuters%2F7U7BWMDLXFM4ZDKBJB3WGMOPCI.jpg?auth=27f95d1acdb8cba9847511fcab8a892d7916fba5988eed72409ee9938f1cc9c6&width=1920&height=1920&smart=true)
Ukraine's turbulent history since independence in 1991
![](https://d3i6fh83elv35t.cloudfront.net/static/2022/02/2014-07-17T000000Z_917143296_GM1EA7I08OT01_RTRMADP_3_UKRAINE-CRISIS-AIRPLANE-1024x676.jpg)
A historical timeline of post-independence Ukraine
![](https://media.euobserver.com/4e541d928cf8602c21a81bc78e909d42-480x270.jpg)
The Russian language 'problem' inside Ukraine
![](https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/11/2004-12-01T000000Z_975705735_RP5DRHYGXQAA_RTRMADP_3_UKRAINE-e1606069374521.jpg)
How Ukraine's Orange Revolution shaped twenty-first century
![](https://www.journalofdemocracy.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/02/GettyImages-1238243196-scaled.jpg)
What Putin Fears Most